The Catalan independence referendum in 2017 sparked a political crisis in Spain, as Catalonia sought to assert its autonomy and independence from the Spanish government. The controversial vote, which was deemed illegal by the Spanish authorities, led to significant tensions and confrontations between Catalan separatists and the central government. This event highlighted deep-seated issues of national identity, self-determination, and regional governance in Spain. The aftermath of the referendum continues to influence Catalan politics and Spain's national unity.

The Catalan independence referendum in 2017 revived debates on regional identities, federalism, and language, inspiring contemporary Spanish and Catalan poetry. Poets like Joan Margarit and Maria-Mercè Marçal explored themes of nationalism and cultural heritage, reflecting the complexities of identity in their works.