In 100 AD, the Roman Empire experienced a significant expansion in the gem trade, importing and cutting precious stones such as emeralds, sapphires, and garnets from across its vast territories. This flourishing trade not only catered to the elite's demand for luxury jewelry but also reflected the empire's extensive network of commerce and cultural exchange. The gem trade played a crucial role in the economy and social status of Roman citizens.

The expansion of the Roman gem trade around 100 is featured in Latin poetry by Ovid and Pliny, who used gems as emblems of wealth and imperial power. Their works reflect the cultural significance of luxury goods in shaping identity and status, intertwining commerce with art.