In Central Africa, the Luba Kingdom developed sacred kingship and the Mbudye association for historical memory using lukasa memory boards. It influenced neighboring states through cultural diffusion. Agricultural and ritual systems supported stability. The model spread across the savanna.

The political innovations of the Luba Kingdom around 1500 inspired oral epics and memory devices that parallel written histories. This rich oral tradition influenced modern African conceptual art and poetry, emphasizing the transmission of knowledge through creative expression.