Usman dan Fodio's movement established Islamic states, promoting education for women and men. It transformed Hausa society and politics. Scholarship centers multiplied. Legacies include modern northern Nigerian identity.

The cultural impact of the Fulani Jihad in West Africa around 1804 advanced reformist discourse through jihad poetry in multiple languages. Poets like Usman dan Fodio utilized their works to promote Islamic teachings and social change, influencing the literary landscape of the region.