A Peking woodblock print version of the Geser Khan epic (Kesar khan) is produced, based on oral performances of Mongolian shamanic bards (tuulʹchi). The epic blends Tibetan Buddhist mythology, Tengrist folklore, and steppe heroic cycles about a demigod king battling demons (manggus) and corrupt lamas. This first written version freezes a fluid oral tradition spanning Mongolia, Tibet, and Buryatia.

The Geser epic's oral-formulaic style (parallelism, epithets, repetition) provided models for 20th-century Buryat poets (Bair Dugarov) adapting nomadic folklore into Soviet-era poetry. Its influence extends to Central Asian 'mana' poetry and the Kyrgyz Manas epic. The epic proves how shamanic performance poetry—with its spirit-journey framing and demonological folklore—can survive scriptural fixation and continue inspiring new verse traditions across linguistically divided steppe cultures.