In 1535, Spain established the first viceroyalty in the Americas, known as the Viceroyalty of New Spain, centered in Mexico City. This administrative region was created to manage Spain's vast colonial territories and resources in the New World. The establishment of the viceroyalty marked a significant step in the expansion of Spanish influence and control, shaping the political, economic, and cultural landscape of the Americas for centuries to come.

Formalized colonial governance, shaping narratives of empire, power, and cultural hybridity in early modern European and Latin American poetry. Poets like Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz and John Milton grappled with themes of identity and colonialism, reflecting the complexities of their respective societies.