Following the Castilian capture of Algeciras in 1344, a peace treaty was signed between Castile and the Marinid sultan. The treaty granted Castilian control over the port and a ten-year truce. It confirmed the end of the Marinid campaign in the Iberian Peninsula.

The Treaty of Algeciras was celebrated in Castilian court poetry as a major triumph of the Reconquista. It is a subject in the 'Poem of Alfonso XI', which was a major work of Spanish epic poetry. The treaty's terms were often compared to the earlier peace agreements, providing a theme for political analysis in verse.