“I have seen and endured the sufferings of the troops, and can no longer be a party to prolonging those sufferings for ends which I believe to be wrong and unjust.”

Grounding dissent in witnessed suffering and moral conviction · Open letter, 1917

• Truth
• War

“The nation is being sacrificed to the vanity and self-interest of the politicians.”

Condemning public policy pursued at the expense of human lives · Open letter, 1917

• Truth
• War

“I believe that it may be possible to make the sufferings of the men less acute by exposing the callousness and insincerity of the politicians.”

Linking truthful speech with responsibility towards soldiers · Open letter, 1917

• Truth
• War

“I am making this statement as an act of wilful defiance of military authority.”

Making moral protest an intentional act of resistance · Open letter, 1917

• Truth
• War

“I believe the war is being deliberately prolonged by those who have the power to end it.”

A direct condemnation of political responsibility for continued suffering · Open letter / statement, 1917

• Truth
• War