The Coup of 18 Brumaire in 1799 marked a decisive moment in French history as Napoleon Bonaparte overthrew the Directory, establishing himself as First Consul. This event effectively ended the radical phase of the French Revolution and initiated a period of authoritarian rule. Napoleon's rise to power reshaped France and Europe, leading to significant political and social changes, including the spread of revolutionary ideals and the eventual establishment of the Napoleonic Code.

The Coup of 18 Brumaire was perceived by Romantic poets as a betrayal of revolutionary ideals, prompting reflections on power and the complexities of leadership. Poets like Victor Hugo captured the disillusionment of the era, intertwining personal and political narratives in their works.