In 1211, Genghis Khan launched a full-scale invasion of the Jin Dynasty, which encompassed northern China. This military campaign marked a significant expansion of the Mongol Empire and led to the eventual fall of the Jin capital, Zhongdu (modern-day Beijing). The conquest not only reshaped the political landscape of East Asia but also facilitated cultural exchanges between the Mongols and the Chinese, influencing literature and art in the region.

The Mongol invasions inspired various literary works, including the 'Secret History of the Mongols,' which chronicles the life of Genghis Khan. The cultural exchanges that followed the conquest also influenced poets like the Persian Rumi, who drew upon themes of conquest and spirituality in his works. The blending of Mongolian and Chinese cultures contributed to a rich tapestry of poetic expression in the region.