In the 1950s, widespread slash-and-burn agriculture, known as tavy, in Madagascar led to extensive habitat loss and drove many endemic species, including lemurs, toward extinction. This practice, aimed at clearing land for cultivation, had devastating effects on the island's unique biodiversity. The loss of these species underscores the environmental consequences of unsustainable agricultural practices. The situation in Madagascar serves as a critical reminder of the need for conservation efforts to protect vulnerable ecosystems.

The loss of Madagascar's endemic species from slash-and-burn practices in 1950 influenced African and island poetry, highlighting the threat to unique biodiversity. Poets like Aime Cesaire used their work to advocate for environmental awareness and cultural preservation.