In 1238, the Mongol Empire's influence was expanding in Persia, leading to significant cultural and scientific exchanges. The Mongols, under Genghis Khan's descendants, facilitated trade and the movement of ideas across their vast empire, impacting regions like Baghdad and Tabriz. This period of interaction fostered advancements in various fields, including mathematics, astronomy, and literature.

The Mongol Empire's influence on Persia enriched the literary landscape, as poets began to incorporate themes of cultural exchange and the blending of traditions into their works. The interaction between Persian and Mongolian cultures inspired poets like Rumi and Saadi, who explored the complexities of identity and belonging in their poetry. This cross-cultural dialogue laid the groundwork for future literary developments.