In 1258, the Mongol Empire established the Ilkhanate in Persia, with its capital in Tabriz. This new political entity marked a significant shift in power dynamics in the region, as it brought together diverse cultures and peoples under Mongol rule. The Ilkhanate became a center for trade and cultural exchange, influencing the arts and sciences throughout the Middle East and beyond.

The establishment of the Ilkhanate fostered a rich cultural environment that encouraged the exchange of ideas and literary traditions. Poets such as Saadi and Hafez would later draw upon the diverse influences of this era, blending Persian, Arabic, and Mongolian elements in their works. The period also saw the flourishing of Persian literature, which would shape the poetic landscape for centuries to come.