Russian Formalist Viktor Shklovsky published 'Art as Technique' in 1917, introducing the concept of 'defamiliarization' (ostranenie) in literature and art. He argued that the purpose of art is to make familiar objects and experiences seem strange, thereby enhancing perception and engagement. This idea has had a lasting impact on literary theory and artistic practices, encouraging creators to challenge conventional ways of seeing.

Viktor Shklovsky's 'Art as Technique' fundamentally altered modernist poetic technique, urging poets to disrupt automatic perception through strange syntax, metaphors, and rhythmic disruptions. This approach influenced poets like Anna Akhmatova and Osip Mandelstam, who sought to renew the reader's experience of art.