In 1641, central Mexico experienced a severe drought during the Spanish colonial period, leading to significant harvest failures. This environmental crisis had dire consequences for the local population, exacerbating food shortages and economic instability. The drought serves as a reminder of the challenges faced by colonial societies and the impact of climate on human history.

The drought in Mexico from 1641-1642 significantly impacted New Spanish chronicles and poetry, highlighting colonial hardships. Poets of the time documented the struggles of survival, weaving narratives of despair and resilience into their works, thus capturing the human experience amid environmental crises.