American Baptist missionary Charles Matthew Wilson arrived in Assam in 1807 and undertook Bible translation into Assamese, completing work by 1813. Wilson also standardized Assamese orthography, created grammar textbooks, and established printing at Serampore. His linguistic work included Assamese-English dictionaries and religious texts. Wilson's missionary linguistics emphasized Assamese language preservation against Bengali linguistic dominance, crucial for Assamese cultural identity. This translation work occurred during British colonial period when regional languages faced marginalization.

Wilson's Assamese Bible translation established standardized literary Assamese, enabling 19th-century Assamese literary revival including poetry and prose. His orthography standardization influenced Assamese poetic tradition and enabled print literature production. The translation inspired Assamese religious poetry and vernacular literary expression, contributing to Assamese language movement that preserved regional identity against Bengali and English linguistic dominance.