In 1910, the Australian Aboriginal Protection Board implemented policies aimed at the assimilation of Aboriginal children, enforcing English-only environments in institutions. These actions sought to erase Indigenous languages and cultural practices, reflecting a broader colonial agenda of cultural suppression. The impact of these policies has had lasting effects on Aboriginal communities, contributing to the ongoing struggles for recognition and rights in Australia.

This led to Stolen Generations literature, with poets like Oodgeroo Noonuccal using English to protest and reclaim voice, enriching Australian poetry with indigenous perspectives.