The annexation of Hawaii by the United States in 1898 followed the overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy in 1893, which was supported by American business interests. This event marked a significant expansion of U.S. territory and influence in the Pacific, reflecting the broader trend of American imperialism during this period. The annexation was controversial and led to ongoing debates about sovereignty, culture, and the rights of native Hawaiians.

The annexation of Hawaii by the United States erased indigenous sovereignty, inspiring Pacific and Native Hawaiian poetry that addresses loss, resistance, and cultural revival. Poets such as Haunani-Kay Trask and John Kneubuhl have used their works to articulate the struggles and resilience of Hawaiian identity.