In 1863, German chemist Julius Wilbrand synthesized trinitrotoluene (TNT), initially as a dye before its explosive properties were discovered. This invention marked a turning point in the field of explosives, leading to TNT's widespread use in military and construction applications. The development of TNT not only revolutionized warfare but also had lasting implications for industrial practices and safety regulations.

The synthesis of TNT by Julius Wilbrand in 1863 marked a significant chemical innovation, influencing realist novels and poetry that explored the hidden powers of everyday substances. Writers like Émile Zola examined the implications of such advancements on society and human experience.