The Second Industrial Revolution, which accelerated around 1870, introduced transformative technologies such as electricity, chemicals, and mass production techniques. This new phase of industrial growth expanded corporate capitalism and consumer markets, fundamentally altering economic structures and social dynamics. The innovations of this period laid the foundation for modern industrial societies and changed the way goods were produced and consumed.

The acceleration of the Second Industrial Revolution in 1870 reshaped urban life, influencing modern poetry that grappled with themes of mechanization and alienation. Poets like T.S. Eliot captured the complexities of modern existence, using industrial imagery to reflect on the human condition.