Cuban nationalist José Martí published the essay 'Nuestra América' in 1891, calling for unity among Latin American nations and cultural independence from foreign influences. In this influential work, Martí rejected both U.S. imperialism and European mimicry, advocating for a distinct Latin American identity rooted in its own values and traditions. His ideas inspired generations of Latin American intellectuals and activists, contributing to the region's struggles for sovereignty and self-determination.

José Martí's essay 'Nuestra América' articulated a politically charged Latin American identity, paving the way for Modernismo. His work inspired poets to embrace cultural authenticity and critique imperialism, shaping the trajectory of Latin American literature.