In 1886, the Royal Niger Company was established, receiving a charter that granted it trading and administrative rights in the Niger River region of West Africa. This company played a crucial role in the economic exploitation and political control of the region, facilitating British colonial interests. The establishment of the Royal Niger Company marked a significant step in the scramble for Africa, as it laid the groundwork for British colonial rule and the eventual establishment of Nigeria.

The establishment of the Royal Niger Company in 1886 epitomized commercial imperialism, which was reflected in poetry addressing the exploitation and trade in Africa. Poets like Claude McKay critiqued the impacts of colonialism on African identity and culture.